Westenberg 1989.

Methods	Study design: Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Diagnosis: DSM‐III‐R Method of diagnosis: not stated Age: not stated Sex: 38 females, 9 males Location: the Netherlands; setting: outpatients Co‐morbidities: patients with a primary diagnosis other than panic disorder were excluded Rescue medication: none
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to either: (1) fluvoxamine arm Duration: 6 weeks Treatment Protocol: dose gradually increased to 150 mg (2) maprotiline arm Duration: 6 weeks Treatment Protocol: dose gradually increased to 150 mg Total number of randomised patients = 47. The number of patients randomised for each arm is not provided.
Outcomes	Time points for assessment: baseline, weekly Outcomes: 1. SCL‐90 2. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) 3. State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 4. Self Rating Depression Scale 5. number of panic attacks per week
Notes	Date of study: not stated Funding source: not stated Declarations of interest among the primary researchers: not stated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "randomised".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "double blind". No further information provided.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "double blind". No further information provided.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided about management of incomplete outcome data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	The only available and comparable data are reported in a graph (HAMA).
Other bias	Unclear risk	Sponsorship bias cannot be ruled out.