Intervention(s) and comparator(s) | Participants included in analysis (N) | Participants discontinuing study due to adverse events (N) | Participants discontinuing study due to adverse event (%) | Participants hospitalised (N) | Participants hospitalised (%) | Participants with outpatient treatment (N) | Participants with outpatient treatment (%) | |
Avilés 1999 | I: metformin | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | |
Barnett 2013 | I: saxagliptin | 95 | 3 | 3.2 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 46 | 1 | 2.2 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Casner 1988 | I: glibenclamide | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Chiasson 1994 | I: acarbose | 35 | 11 | 27 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 44 | 12 | 23 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Coniff 1995 | I: acarbose | 103 | 9 | 9 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 104 | 4 | 4 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Feinglos 1998 | I: glipizide | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
C: placebo | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ||||
all: | 29 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Fonseca 2007 | I: vildagliptin | 114 | ‐ | 6.3 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 124 | ‐ | 0.7 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Fritsche 2000 | I: metformin | ‐ | ‐ | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | ‐ | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 13 | ‐ | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Giugliano 1993 | I: metformin | 27 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 23 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Groop 1985 | I: glibenclamide | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Hermann 2001 | I: metformin | 16 | 4 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 19 | 1 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Hirsch 1999 | I: metformin | 25 | 3 | 12 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 25 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Hong 2012 | I: sitagliptin | 61 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: insulin increase | 63 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Kitabchi 1987 | I: tolazamide | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: NPH alone | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 12 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Krawczyk 2005 | I: metformin | 20 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: insulin alone | 20 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Kyllastinen 1985 | I: glibenclamide | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 9 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Lewitt 1989 | I: glibenclamide | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 31 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Lindström 1999 | I: glibenclamide | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Longnecker 1986 | I: tolazamide | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 11 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Mattoo 2005 | I: pioglitazone | 128 | 7 | 4.9 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 135 | 3 | 2 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Mauerhoff 1986 | I: glibenclamide | 11 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 11 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Mezitis 1992 | I: glibenclamide | 10 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 10 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Mudaliar 2010 | I: pioglitazone | 12 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 13 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Nemoto 2011 | I: miglitol | 107 | 7 | 6.5 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 100 | 3 | 3 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Osei 1984 | I: glibenclamide | 6 | 4 | 40 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 11 | 1 | 8.3 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Quartraro 1986 | I: gliclazide | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: insulin alone | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Reich 1987 | I: glibenclamide | 10 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 10 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Relimpio 1998 | I: metformin | 24 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: insulin dose increase | 23 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Robinson 1998 | I: metformin | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
all: | 19 | 1 | 5 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Rosenstock 2002 | I1: pioglitazone 15 mg | 191 | ‐ | 2.6 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
I2: pioglitazone 30 mg | 188 | ‐ | 3.2 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
C: placebo | 187 | ‐ | 1.6 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Schade 1987 | I: glibenclamide | 16 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 16 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Schiel 2007 | I1: glimepiride | 17 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
I2: glimepiride + metformin | 18 | 2 | 11.1 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
C: insulin | 17 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Simpson 1990 | I: glipizide | 9 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 10 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Stenman 1988 | I: glibenclamide | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Strowig 2002 | I1: metformin | 27 | 2 | 6.7 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
I2: troglitazone | 30 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
C: insulin | 31 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
Wulffelé 2002 | I: metformin | 171 | 20 | 10.2 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
C: placebo | 182 | 6 | 3.1 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ||
Yilmaz 2007 | I1: acarbose | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
I2: metformin | 17 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
I3: rosiglitazone | 15 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
C: insulin alone | 19 | 0 | 0 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
‐ denotes not reported C: comparator; I: intervention; NPH: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn |