Kocher 2011

Methods	RCT enrolled: 359 evaluated: 359
Participants	1. age 18 years or older 2. WHO performance status 2 or less 3. 1‐3 brain metastases 4. Radiosurgery: single metastasis 3.5 cm or less, multiple metastases 2.5 cm or less 5. Surgery: complete surgical resection 6. stable systemic cancer for 3 months or more and/or asymptomatic synchronous primary tumor wtihout metastases outside the CNS or unknown primary tumor 7. excluded small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, germ cell tumors, brainstem metastases, leptomeningeal metastases, recurrent brain metastases
Interventions	1. radiosurgery alone 2. radiosurgery and whole brain radiotherapy 1. surgery alone 2. surgery and whole brain radiotherapy
Outcomes	Primary outcome: ‐duration of functional independence (measured from the day of random assignment to the first report of deterioration of a WHO PS of more than 2 Secondary outcomes: ‐frequency of intracranial relapse at initially treated sites and at new sites ‐progression‐free survival ‐overall survival ‐late toxicities ‐quality of life
Notes