Palmer 2004.
| Methods |
Design: RCT Follow‐up: 3 months Attrition:20 % |
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| Participants |
Mean age (years): not stated Sex: 53% female N participants: 214 Allocation: n = 119 voluntary; n = 85 control Setting: university heavy drinkers Country: USA |
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| Interventions |
Programme type: the Alcohol Skills Training Programme Interventiom (ASTP) Set‐up: 2 workshops with 8‐12 participants Key components: used reflective listening and motivational interviewing techniques to built rapport, minimise resistance, and present the non‐judgmental philosophy of the workshop Duration: 2 90 min sessions Control: no intervention |
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| Outcomes |
Outcomes: drinking days/week; drinks on peak occasion; average drinks per occasion; total drinks per week; RAPI total; defensiveness; readiness to change Measures: Rutgers Alcohol Problems Index; Brief Drinker Profile; Single item Q/F/P index; Modified Daily Drinking Questionnaire; Readiness to Change Questionnaire; defensiveness Scale; Therapeutic Reactance Scale; Drinking Norms Rating form; revised version of the General Causality Orientation scale; Campus Alcohol Policies Scale; Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Scale; Participants Satisfaction Scale; Adherence and Competence Measure |
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| Funding and Declared Conflicts of Interest | Not stated | |
| Notes | Insufficient details in dissertation for inclusion in MA. Further information requested | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | 20% attrition rate |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | all data reported |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Not possible to blind participants to intervention. No information about MI counsellor blinding |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Unit of Analysis issues | Low risk | Not applicable |