Hong 2008.

Methods	RCT Approved by the ethics committee and informed consent obtained Setting: Korea Funding: unspecified
Participants	50 ASA 1 or 2 female patients, aged 29 to 57 years, scheduled for elective laparoscopic total hysterectomy
Interventions	Treatment group: LEA (L1‐L2 with catheter inserted 5 cm cranially) and PCEA with lidocaine 1% and morphine 0.1 mg/mL during surgery and for 48 hours after surgery (n = 25) Control group: IV PCA with fentanyl and ketorolac for 48 hours (n = 25) General anaesthesia for all participants
Outcomes	VAS 6 and 24 hours (unspecified, taken as at rest) Vomiting
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"The randomisation schedule was computer‐generated"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All results reported
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced