Jorgensen 2001.

Methods	RCT Approved by the ethics committee and written informed consent obtained from each patient Setting: Denmark Funding: charity
Participants	60 ASA 1 or 2 women aged 18 to 75 years undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy through a Phannenstiel or median incision
Interventions	Treatment groups: TEA with lidocaine intraoperatively only (n = 20) or TEA with lidocaine intraoperatively and bupivacaine 0.2% for 24 hours after surgery (n = 20) Control group: no epidural (n = 20) General anaesthesia, paracetamol, ketorolac and IM (?) morphine for all participants
Outcomes	Time to first flatus Time to first faeces
Notes	Study authors contacted on 27 June 2014, but did not reply
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding between the 2 epidural groups only
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding between the 2 epidural groups only
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	7 participants excluded after randomization; replaced with new sealed envelopes
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All results provided
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced