Schricker 2000.

Methods	RCT Approved by the ethics committee and informed consent obtained Setting: Canada Funding: charity
Participants	16 patients with localized non‐metastatic adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon scheduled for elective colorectal surgery No patient had developed recent weight loss or had a plasma albumin concentration of 35 G/L
Interventions	Treatment group: thoracic epidural anaesthesia/analgesia (T10‐T12) with bupivacaine 0.5% for a sensory level from T4 to S5, and bupivacaine 0.25% during surgery followed by bupivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 2 mcg/mL after surgery (n = 8). Exact duration unspecified Control group: IV PCA with morphine (n = 8) All participants received general anaesthesia
Outcomes	Pain at rest at 48 hours
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"The patients were allocated according to a computer‐generated randomization schedule"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All results provided
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced No cross‐over