Yilmaz 2010.

Methods	RCT Painful intervention: heel lance Study location: Trabzon Delivery and Children's Diseases Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey Study period: February 2007 to January 2008
Participants	120 infants GA 37 to 42 weeks Sucrose group (n = 30): mean PMA (SD) 39.10 weeks (0.71) Mother's milk group (n = 30): mean PMA (SD) 39.10 weeks (1.03) Pacifier group (n = 30): mean PMA (SD) 39.20 weeks (0.93) Control group (n = 30): mean PMA (SD) 39.67 weeks(0.80)
Interventions	Sucrose group: 2 mL 20% sucrose via syringe 2 min before the procedure (using a syringe with the needle removed and avoiding contact of the syringe with the mouth and lips) Mother's milk group: 2 mL mother's milk via syringe 2 min before the procedure (using a syringe with the needle removed and avoiding contact of the syringe with the mouth and lips) Pacifier group: given a pacifier Control group: newborns were in their mothers' lap; no interventions were made before the painful procedure
Outcomes	NIPS score, HR, respiratory rate, crying time. Data were presented according to different procedure times and could not be used in meta‐analyses
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Did not specify method of randomization
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Did not specify method of allocation concealment
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Did not report on blinding of personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Did not report on blinding of outcome assessors
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no withdrawals
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	The study protocol was not available to us so we could not judge whether there were any deviations from it
Other bias	Low risk	Appears free of other bias