Yasuda 2013.

Methods	Multicentre RCT (Japan) Study period: March 2014 (not further details provided) Setting: 23 Japanese ICUs
Participants	'Participants': "Patients over 18 years of age undergoing CVC and AC placement for more than 72 hours" Number of participants:not reported Number of catheters; 137 Age: not reported Sex: not reported
Interventions	3‐arm comparison for skin antisepsis prior to catheter insertion. Intervention A: 1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in alcohol. Intervention B: 0.5% CHG in alcohol. Intervention C: 10% povidone iodine (base solution unknown).
Outcomes	Catheter colonisation Catheter‐related BSI Outcomes assessed at various points during in‐patient stay.
Notes	For this review, we combined the data for 1% CHG and 0.5% CHG as there was no significant difference in the results between the 2 groups. This was an interim analysis of the full study and was published in abstract form. Funding source: not stated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned in the published abstract
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned in the published abstract
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned in the published abstract
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned in the published abstract
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned in the published abstract
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned in the published abstract
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information in the published abstract to assess the risks of bias