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. 2016 Oct 11;2016(10):CD012371. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012371

Comparison 2. All psychotherapies versus control (medium‐term).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 PTSD diagnosis 4 742 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.26, 1.69]
1.1 CBT 2 570 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.09, 2.61]
1.2 Debriefing 1 132 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.31 [0.47, 3.68]
1.3 EMDR 1 40 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.01, 9.13]
2 PTSD total symptoms 12 2337 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.38, 0.05]
2.1 CBT 5 1701 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.34 [‐0.72, 0.03]
2.2 Debriefing 2 231 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.04 [‐0.22, 0.30]
2.3 Family therapy 2 141 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.39, 0.27]
2.4 Narrative 1 64 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.23 [‐0.26, 0.73]
2.5 Psychoeducation 1 56 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.65, 0.40]
2.6 Supportive therapy 1 144 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.54, 0.12]
3 PTSD ‐ avoidance 2 243 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.04 [‐0.22, 0.29]
3.1 Debriefing 1 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.42, 0.26]
3.2 Family therapy 1 111 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.18 [‐0.20, 0.55]
4 PTSD ‐ hyperarousal 2 243 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.43, 0.17]
4.1 Debriefing 1 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.33, 0.35]
4.2 Family therapy 1 111 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.67, 0.09]
5 PTSD ‐ intrusion 2 243 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.29, 0.21]
5.1 Debriefing 1 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.39, 0.29]
5.2 Family therapy 1 111 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.40, 0.35]
6 Anxiety total symptoms 7 1470 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.20, 0.00]
6.1 CBT 3 1131 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [‐0.19, 0.04]
6.2 Debriefing 1 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.42, 0.27]
6.3 EMDR 1 40 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.72 [‐1.36, ‐0.07]
6.4 Psychoeducation 1 56 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.73, 0.32]
6.5 Narrative 1 111 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.54, 0.21]
7 Anxiety ‐ state 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
7.1 CBT 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8 Anxiety ‐ trait 2   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
8.1 CBT 2 101 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.45 [‐0.85, ‐0.05]
9 Depression 13 2191 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [‐0.22, 0.07]
9.1 CBT 8 1810 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.12 [‐0.31, 0.07]
9.2 Debriefing 2 231 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.12 [‐0.38, 0.14]
9.3 Family therapy 1 30 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.34 [‐0.38, 1.06]
9.4 Narrative 1 64 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.34 [‐0.15, 0.84]
9.5 Psychoeducation 1 56 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.14 [‐0.67, 0.38]
10 Behaviour ‐ total 3 281 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐0.43, 0.04]
10.1 Debriefing 1 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.62, 0.06]
10.2 Family therapy 1 50 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.37 [‐0.93, 0.19]
10.3 Narrative 1 99 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.39, 0.39]
11 Behaviour ‐ internalising 4 291 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.25, 0.28]
11.1 EMDR 1 40 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.50 [‐1.13, 0.14]
11.2 Family therapy 1 30 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.72, 0.72]
11.3 Narrative 2 221 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.13 [‐0.13, 0.40]
12 Behaviour ‐ externalising 5 694 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.32, 0.35]
12.1 CBT 1 403 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.13, 0.27]
12.2 EMDR 1 40 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [‐1.66, ‐0.33]
12.3 Family therapy 1 30 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.72, 0.71]
12.4 Narrative 2 221 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.05, 0.58]
13 Function 3   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
13.1 CBT 3 814 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.88, ‐0.05]
14 Quality of life 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
14.1 Supportive therapy 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15 Loss to follow‐up 20 3663 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.82, 1.21]
15.1 CBT 11 2856 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.81, 1.27]
15.2 Counselling 1 23 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 7.0 [0.32, 152.95]
15.3 Debriefing 1 158 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.33, 1.76]
15.4 EMDR 1 65 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.41 [0.52, 3.84]
15.5 Family therapy 1 75 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.28 [0.48, 3.39]
15.6 Narrative 2 171 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.16, 2.99]
15.7 Psychoeducation 2 244 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.40, 1.47]
15.8 Other 1 71 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.29, 2.73]