Glodich 2000.
| Methods | Randomised trial of psychoeducation vs wait list | |
| Participants |
Included (n = 50) High school students 14 to 18 years of age who had experienced and/or witnessed violent events that were significantly stressful and/or traumatic. Mean age: 16.1 years. Female: 30. Caucasian 20, Hispanic 10, African American 8. Overall trauma exposure scores for traumatic violence and physical or verbal abuse were moderate but for indirect violence were high Excluded Students in the behavioural disorders class, those with ≥ 5 absences in a semester, those who could not behave appropriately (angry, anxious or impulsive) during the initial interview Setting High school in USA, 1998 |
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| Interventions |
Group psychoeducation (n = 25) Group intervention was designed to provide education about the effects of trauma and violence and the connection of these effects to re‐enactment and risk‐taking behaviours. Key topics over the 8 weekly 70‐minute sessions were prevalence of violence and trauma, violence‐related trauma and PTSD, defences, avoiding further trauma and violence, re‐exposure, re‐enactment, combating helplessness and the role of family in combating helplessness Wait list control (n = 25) Therapists It was not reported whether the protocol was manualised, whether supervision occurred and whether fidelity/adherence was checked |
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| Outcomes |
PTSD symptoms Scale: Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (22‐item) Rater: adolescent Behaviour Scale: Youth Self‐Report (112 behavioural items) Rater: adolescent When Post therapy |
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| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Each student was assigned by a randomly generated number and was successively placed into 1 of 2 treatment groups or wait list |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Blinding of participants (performance bias | High risk | Quite probable that participants were aware of whether they were in the wait list or therapy group |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Not reported, but measures were self reported |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Completer analysis reported; loss to follow‐up was 6% |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | All outcomes appear to have been reported |
| Other bias | Unclear risk | Data from a student who joined the treatment group after randomisation were included |