Kemp 2010.
Methods | Randomised trial of EMDR vs wait list | |
Participants |
Included (n = 27) Children 6 to 12 years of age admitted to a hospital emergency department after a motor vehicle accident, and scoring ≥ 12 on the Child Post‐Traumatic Stress – Reaction Index, or with ≥ 2 DSM‐IV criteria for PTSD. Mean age: 8.93 years. Female: 12. Mean time since accident: 8.35 months Excluded Children taking psychotropic medication; those with a concurrent psychological condition, with history of sexual or physical abuse or neglect, with head injury with persistent associated neurological dysfunction or scoring < 12 on the Glasgow Coma Scale Setting Not reported, Australian study |
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Interventions |
EMDR (n = 14) Four 60‐minute sessions over 6 weeks included client history and assessment, engagement and orientation to EMDR, assessment of target traumatic memory and desensitisation, instillation, body scan and closure Wait list control (n = 13) Received EMDR after 6 weeks Therapist All sessions were delivered by the same doctoral level psychologist, who had received advanced EMDR training. Fidelity was rated as acceptable to highly acceptable by an experienced child clinical psychologist with advanced EMDR training |
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Outcomes |
PTSD symptoms Scale: Child Post‐Traumatic Stress ‐ Reaction Index Rater: child, parent Scale: Impact of Events Scale (IES) Rater: parent Anxiety Scale: State Trait Anxiety Inventory Rater: child Depression Scale: Children’s Depression Scale Rater: child Behavioural problems Scale: Child Behavior Checklist Rater: parent When Post therapy and at 3 and 12 months, but the wait list group received therapy after 6 weeks; therefore, only post‐treatment data can be used |
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Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Blinding of participants (performance bias | High risk | Quite probable participants were aware of whether they were in the therapy or wait list group |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | All measures were self reported |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Loss to follow‐up was 11% |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes appear to have been reported |
Other bias | High risk | More females were included (9 vs 3) and IES scores (34.64 vs 22.33) were significantly higher in the wait list group |