| Methods |
Single‐blind study. The intervention outcomes were determined by physicians who were unaware of participant treatment allocation |
| Participants |
1974 young adult males recruited into the United States Air Force |
| Interventions |
Intramuscular penicillin over 1 to 3 days or no treatment for the control condition |
| Outcomes |
Incidence of rheumatic fever |
| Notes |
Antipyretic use was not documented |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Participants randomised to groups by Air Force serial number |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
High risk |
|
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Single‐blind study design |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
|
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Antipyretic use was not documented |
