Gupta 2013.
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants | 100 asymptomatic patients (no menopausal symptoms) with surgical menopause 3 days earlier (total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy) | |
| Interventions | Tibolone 2.5 mg/d; CEE 0.625 mg; DHEA 25 mg/d (all administered orally); no treatment. Latter 2 arms not considered in the meta‐analysis | |
| Outcomes | Vasomotor symptoms (occurrence of hot flushes and night sweats), insomnia (occurrence), vaginal dryness | |
| Notes | Trial location: India (single centre) Follow‐up: 12 months Timing: 2005 |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information provided |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information provided |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | This RCT is presumably an open trial ‐ includes a "no treatment" arm |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information provided |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Study authors acknowledged losses to follow‐up, but total number of lost participants is unclear |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Study protocol not available |
| Conflict of interest | Unclear risk | No information provided |