Gupta 2013.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
Participants | 100 asymptomatic patients (no menopausal symptoms) with surgical menopause 3 days earlier (total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy) | |
Interventions | Tibolone 2.5 mg/d; CEE 0.625 mg; DHEA 25 mg/d (all administered orally); no treatment. Latter 2 arms not considered in the meta‐analysis | |
Outcomes | Vasomotor symptoms (occurrence of hot flushes and night sweats), insomnia (occurrence), vaginal dryness | |
Notes | Trial location: India (single centre) Follow‐up: 12 months Timing: 2005 |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | This RCT is presumably an open trial ‐ includes a "no treatment" arm |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Study authors acknowledged losses to follow‐up, but total number of lost participants is unclear |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Study protocol not available |
Conflict of interest | Unclear risk | No information provided |