Fig. 6.

Occurrence of regions with a high functional group density. a Identification of high-density regions on the surface of a nanoparticle. High-density regions  (yellow circles) are defined as containing the estimated locations of ≥5 fluorophores (grey points) in a surface region with radius ≤50 nm. b Probability mass function of the number of high-density clusters on a nanoparticle. The plot depicts distributions for the (stochastically homogeneously) simulated fluorophore locations (dashed blue, $N_{\mathrm{beads},\mathrm{sim}}=937$), the (stochastically homogeneously) simulated estimated fluorophore locations (dashed red, $N_{\mathrm{beads},\mathrm{est}}=937$) and the experimentally observed nanoparticles (solid yellow, $N_{\mathrm{beads},\exp }=379$)