Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

	non-DM	DM	P-value
Number	1,848	494
Male gender, n (%)	958 (51.8)	276 (55.9)	0.116
Age, years	59.73 ± 8.89	60.71 ± 9.07	0.030
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.64 ± 3.38	25.49 ± 3.71	<0.001
Smoking, n (%)	344 (18.6)	94 (19.0)	0.845
Hypertension, n (%)	942 (51.0)	329 (66.6)	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	132.28 ± 17.93	136.57 ± 18.70	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	76.95 ± 11.08	76.82 ± 11.52	0.813
White blood cells (109/mL)	5.88 ± 1.40	6.27 ± 1.62	<0.001
Neutrophils (109/mL)	3.37 ± 1.10	3.60 ± 1.21	<0.001
Lymphocytes (109/mL)	1.87 ± 0.58	1.99 ± 0.60	<0.001
Monocytes (109/mL)	0.46 ± 0.14	0.47 ± 0.14	0.254
Platelets (109/mL)	183.98 ± 49.68	184.66 ± 51.45	0.792
hsCRP, mg/L	0.73 (0.40–1.52)	0.90 (0.46–1.93)	0.002
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	72.53 ± 12.12	72.71 ± 14.21	0.788
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L	5.48 ± 1.37	5.58 ± 1.40	0.164
Uric acid, μmol/L	327.50 ± 81.23	319.37 ± 81.33	0.049
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	111.67 ± 17.53	114.85 ± 21.14	0.001
HbA1c, %	5.60 (5.40–5.90)	6.90 (6.30–7.80)	<0.001
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	4.97 (4.58–5.42)	6.43 (5.47–7.77)	<0.001
Postprandial glucose (2 h), mmol/L	6.55 (5.56–7.61)	13.43 (10.36–16.52)	<0.001
Fasting insulin, μIU/mL	8.33 (5.75–11.59)	9.49 (6.30–14.65)	<0.001
Postprandial insulin (2 h), μIU/mL	46.76 (25.29–77.26)	47.34 (27.58–79.11)	0.680
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.30 (0.97–1.83)	1.58 (1.10–2.21)	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.33 ± 1.01	4.32 ± 1.14	0.766
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	1.21 ± 0.29	1.12 ± 0.29	<0.001
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	2.58 ± 0.82	2.55 ± 0.90	0.471
Apolipoprotein A-I, g/L	1.31 ± 0.20	1.28 ± 0.22	0.004
Apolipoprotein B, g/L	0.82 ± 0.22	0.85 ± 0.24	0.052
MHR	9.95 (7.32–12.93)	10.92 (8.34–14.02)	<0.001
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, n (%)	–	338 (68.4)	–
Insulin, n (%)	–	131 (26.5)	–