FIGURE 3.

Transcytosis of non-encapsulated phage (A–C) and PPE (D) across an intestinal epithelial monolayer. The bacteriophage concentration was quantified 2, 6, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation by titration of the contents of the apical (black ●, ■) and basolateral (white ○, □) compartments. DMEM supplemented with FBS was used to study the non-encapsulated bacteriophages (A,B) and serum-free DMEM to compare the transcytosis of non-encapsulated phages (C) and PPE (D). The concentrations applied in the apical chamber were 1 × 10¹⁰ pfu/mL (circles) and 1 × 10⁷ pfu/mL (squares). Scatter plots show the means; error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals. The phage concentration in the basolateral chamber is the sum of the values obtained at each time point.