Table 2.
Coefficients and 95% confidence intervals from binomial and Tobit regressions estimating allocations to the DISTANT/OUTGROUP cups. Abbreviated results from full models. OR, odds ratio (exponentiated coefficients) from binomial regression; β-Est., beta estimate from Tobit regression; MG, moralizing gods; LG, local gods; Pun–Mon, punishment–monitoring. The full models hold constant site-specific mean allocations, treatment, age, sex, number of children, household size, material insecurity, emotional closeness and practice similarity to local and distant co-religionists and to outgroup, and police evaluation. Site means are modelled as simple fixed effects with Mysore as the reference category (see electronic supplementary material, section S3.1). Note that these models exclude three sites due to the lack of local god beliefs (Hadza, Lovu, and Samburu). Reduced models including all sites are displayed in electronic supplementary material, tables S7–S10 and S17–S20 (Model 2).
| DISTANT games |
OUTGROUP games |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| random allocation game |
dictator game |
random allocation game |
dictator game |
|||||
| SELF versus DISTANT | LOCAL versus DISTANT | SELF versus DISTANT | LOCAL versus DISTANT | SELF versus OUTGROUP | DISTANT versus OUTGROUP | SELF versus OUTGROUP | DISTANT versus OUTGROUP | |
| OR | OR | β-Est. | β-Est. | OR | OR | β-Est. | β-Est. | |
| MG pun–mon | 1.26** | 1.22* | 1.25* | 0.89* | 1.08 | 0.90 | 1.23* | −0.33 |
| (1.06, 1.49) | (1.03, 1.45) | (0.25, 2.24) | (0.07, 1.70) | (0.79, 1.49) | (0.66, 1.24) | (0.08, 2.39) | (−1.20, 0.54) | |
| LG pun–mon | 1.07 | 0.99 | 0.57 | −0.04 | 0.76* | 1.18 | −0.05 | −0.37 |
| (0.94, 1.21) | (0.87, 1.12) | (−0.13, 1.28) | (−0.62, 0.54) | (0.61, 0.94) | (0.94, 1.47) | (−0.88, 0.79) | (−1.00, 0.25) | |
| MG reward | 0.98 | 0.96 | −0.49 | −0.27 | 0.88 | 1.14 | −0.34 | 0.03 |
| (0.86, 1.11) | (0.84, 1.09) | (−1.13, 0.15) | (−0.80, 0.25) | (0.73, 1.06) | (0.94, 1.38) | (−1.05, 0.37) | (−0.50, 0.57) | |
| police | 1.03# | 1.00 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.02 | −0.06 |
| (1.00, 1.07) | (0.97, 1.04) | (−0.16, 0.17) | (−0.22, 0.05) | (0.96, 1.06) | (0.97, 1.07) | (−0.17, 0.21) | (−0.20, 0.08) | |
| constant | 0.81* | 0.94 | 4.43*** | 3.54*** | 1.30 | 0.94 | 2.65*** | 4.75*** |
| (0.66, 0.98) | (0.77, 1.15) | (3.24, 5.62) | (2.50, 4.58) | (0.94, 1.79) | (0.68, 1.29) | (1.29, 4.02) | (3.71, 5.79) | |
| N people | 602 | 598 | 802 | 792 | 261 | 255 | 636 | 630 |
| N sites | 12 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
#p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.