TABLE 1.
Characteristics of patients and univariate analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality in sepsisa
| Variable | Total (n = 1,190) | 30-day mortality (n = 418) |
30-day survival (n = 772) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male gender, no. (%) | 582 (48.9) | 216 (51.7) | 366 (47.4) | 0.16 |
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 63.98 ± 17.37 | 66.43 ± 15.47 | 62.4 ± 18.32 | <0.01 |
| Comorbidity, no. (%) | ||||
| Immunosuppressed (non-HIV) | 175 (14.7) | 71 (17.0) | 104 (13.5) | 0.10 |
| HIV | 55 (4.6) | 28 (6.7) | 27 (3.5) | 0.01 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 158 (13.3) | 62 (14.8) | 96 (12.4) | 0.24 |
| COPD | 157 (13.2) | 54 (12.9) | 103 (13.3) | 0.85 |
| Cancer | 259 (21.8) | 111 (26.6) | 148 (19.2) | <0.01 |
| Metastatic cancer | 111 (9.3) | 51 (12.2) | 60 (7.8) | 0.01 |
| Solid organ transplant | 55 (4.6) | 22 (5.3) | 33 (4.3) | 0.47 |
| Diabetes | 347 (29.2) | 118 (28.2) | 229 (29.7) | 0.64 |
| Cirrhosis | 35 (2.9) | 21 (5.0) | 14 (1.8) | <0.01 |
| Chronic renal disease | 195 (16.4) | 73 (17.5) | 122 (15.8) | 0.46 |
| Hypertension | 606 (50.9) | 217 (51.9) | 389 (50.4) | 0.62 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 333 (28.0) | 132 (31.6) | 201 (26.0) | 0.04 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 0.01 |
| Hospital admission: >48 h from hospital admission to sepsis diagnosis, no. (%) | 542 (44.7) | 240 (57.4) | 292 (37.8) | <0.01 |
| Infection site or type, no. (%) | ||||
| CNS | 12 (1.0) | 3 (0.7) | 9 (1.2) | 0.55 |
| Pulmonary | 459 (38.6) | 178 (42.6) | 281 (36.4) | 0.04 |
| Abdominal | 178 (15.0) | 75 (17.9) | 103 (13.3) | 0.04 |
| Urinary tract | 204 (17.1) | 55 (13.2) | 149 (19.3) | <0.01 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 78 (6.6) | 27 (6.5) | 51 (6.6) | 0.99 |
| Osteoarticular | 5 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.3) | 0.35 |
| Endocarditis | 7 (0.6) | 3 (0.7) | 4 (0.5) | 0.70 |
| Primary bacteremia | 39 (3.3) | 14 (3.3) | 25 (3.2) | 0.99 |
| Bacteremia | 298 (25.0) | 136 (32.5) | 162 (21.0) | <0.01 |
| Nonidentified | 22 (1.8) | 10 (2.4) | 12 (1.6) | 0.36 |
| Sepsis severity | ||||
| Septic shock, no. (%) | 370 (31.1) | 260 (62.2) | 110 (14.2) | <0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation, no. (%) | 560 (47.1) | 321 (76.8) | 239 (31.0) | <0.01 |
| Quick SOFA, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | <0.01 |
| Bacterial or other isolate, no. (%) | ||||
| Positive culture | 571 (48.0) | 241 (57.7) | 330 (42.7) | <0.01 |
| Polymicrobial infection | 82 (6.9) | 43 (10.3) | 39 (5.1) | 0.01 |
| Gram negative | 391 (32.9) | 171 (40.9) | 220 (28.5) | <0.01 |
| ESBL | 57 (4.8) | 21 (5.0) | 36 (4.7) | 0.78 |
| Carbapenem-resistant nonfermentative bacteria | 76 (6.4) | 50 (12) | 26 (3.4) | <0.01 |
| CRE | 69 (5.8) | 44 (10.5) | 25 (3.2) | <0.01 |
| Gram positive | 225 (18.9) | 91 (21.8) | 134 (17.4) | 0.07 |
| MRSA | 20 (1.7) | 9 (2.2) | 11 (1.4) | 0.35 |
| Fungal infection | 21 (1.8) | 9 (2.2) | 12 (1.6) | 0.49 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 4 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 0.61 |
| Therapy, no. (%) | ||||
| Appropriate empirical therapy among patients with positive cultures (n = 571) | 260 (45.5) | 83 (34.4) | 157 (53.6) | <0.01 |
| Anti-MRSA antimicrobial | 97 (8.2) | 45 (10.8) | 52 (6.7) | 0.02 |
| Carbapenem | 229 (19.2) | 108 (25.8) | 121 (15.7) | <0.01 |
| Polymyxin B | 59 (5.0) | 27 (6.5) | 32 (4.1) | 0.09 |
| Association of antibiotics | 115 (9.7) | 40 (9.6) | 75 (9.7) | 0.91 |
a
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CNS, central nervous system; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; IQR, interquartile range.