Table 3.

Multivariate associations with app use.

Covariate		App use in CVDa,b (N=1325)		App use in diabetesc (N=681)		App use in CVD and diabetes combinedd (N=524)
		Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Intercept		0.02e	<.001	0.01e	<.001	0.02e	.004
Age		0.93 (0.91-0.95)	<.001	0.94 (0.92-0.97)	<.001	0.93 (0.91-0.96)	<.001
Gender (men vs women)		0.68 (0.50-0.94)	.02	0.64 (0.42-0.98)	.04	0.70 (0.42-1.17)	.17
Health behaviors
	Smoking	0.84 (0.61-1.16)	.30	0.99 (0.66-1.49)	.95	0.89 (0.55-1.44)	.64
	Physical activity	1.78 (1.30-2.43)	<.001	2.12 (1.40-3.20)	<.001	2.16 (1.34-3.47)	.002
	Balanced diet	1.18 (0.83-1.69)	.35	1.31 (0.79-2.18)	.30	1.54 (0.85-2.80)	.16
Education
	No or basic qualification	Reff	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Vocational qualification	6.00 (1.71-31.03)	.005	2.90 (0.91-9.22)	.07	2.62 (0.65-10.48)	.18
	University degree	8.38 (2.34-30.07)	.001	3.53 (1.06-11.75)	.04	3.59 (0.84-15.24)	.08
	Health literacy	1.10 (0.79-1.53)	.58	1.22 (0.79-1.89)	.37	1.47 (0.88-2.46)	.14
	Electronic health literacy	2.52 (1.94-3.28)	<.001	2.36 (1.69-3.29)	<.001	2.23 (1.50-3.31)	<.001
	CVD	—g	—	0.88 (0.54-1.42)	.59	—	—
	Diabetes	1.52 (1.12-2.06)	.008	—	—	—	—
	Stress by CVD+diabetes	—	—	—	—	1.55 (1.17-2.04)	.002
	Stress by CVD	1.29 (1.09-1.51)	<.001	—	—	—	—
	Stress by diabetes	—	—	1.51 (1.23-1.85)	<.001	—	—
	Wearable use	21.44 (11.60-39.63)	<.001	12.64 (5.48-29.12)	<.001	16.88 (5.92-48.14)	<.001

^aCVD: cardiovascular disease.

^bIn this model, Nagelkerke R²=.391.

^cIn this model, Nagelkerke R²=.380.

^dIn this model, Nagelkerke R²=.395.

^eMissing data: CI.

^fRef: reference category set to 1.

^gNot integrated in this model.