Table 5.

Characteristics of included interventions in studies comparing serious gaming/gamification and other digital education interventions.

Study	Intervention type	Intervention duration	Intervention frequency	Intervention intensity	Control
Amer et al 2011 [32]	Interactive dental videogame	Up to 20 minutes	Once	—a	3-minute video on resin bonding
Chien et al 2013 [14]	3D tennis game	40 minutes	Once	—	Virtual simulator training platform
Dankbaar et al 2016 [16]	Computer-based simulation game “abcdeSIM”	Access for 4 weeks	—	Estimated to take 2-4 hours to complete; mean logged game time 90 (SD 49) minutes	Electronic module
Dankbaar et al 2017 [17]	“Air-Medic Sky-1” game	1 week	—	3-4 hours	Digital education module
Gauthier et al 2015 [40]	“Vascular Invaders” game	Access for 35 days	—	—	Vascular anatomy study aid (online)
Kerfoot et al 2014 [36]	Online spaced-education game (question emailed every 3 days; resent 12 or 24 days later if answered incorrectly or correctly, respectively; retired after answered correctly on >two consecutive attempts)	Access for 52 weeks	—	Mean of 38 (SD 7) weeks to complete the cycle of questions	Online posting
Sward et al 2008 [39]	Web-based pediatric board game	4 weeks	One per week	1 hour	Self-study Web flash cards

^aNot available.