Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of women according to serum 25(OH)D level

Quartile (n) (ng/mL)	Quartile 1 (n = 487) (4.10–11.19)	Quartile 2 (n = 491) (11.20–15.59)	Quartile 3 (n = 484) (15.60–21.59)	Quartile 4 (n = 487) (21.60–54.90)	P value
25(OH)D, ng/mL	8.72 ± 1.67	13.28 ± 1.28	18.31 ± 1.70	28.15 ± 5.56	<  0.001
Age, yr	72.16 ± 4.68	71.07 ± 4.71	71.27 ± 4.35	71.45 ± 4.54*†‡	0.001
BMI, kg/m2	24.69 ± 2.92	25.07 ± 3.31	24.74 ± 3.11	23.58 ± 2.85*†‡	< 0.001
Waist, cm	83.49 ± 8.71	83.63 ± 9.13	83.14 ± 8.52	81.07 ± 8.54*†‡	<  0.001
SBP, mmHg	129.69 ± 15.75	128.51 ± 16.42	125.83 ± 15.46	124.69 ± 15.21*	0.026
DBP, mmHg	74.15 ± 7.96	73.32 ± 8.65	72.55 ± 8.75	72.96 ± 9.28	0.451
Current smoking	7 (1.4)	12 (2.4)	5 (1)	5 (1)	0.216
Current drinking	99 (23.2)	91 (20.6)	145 (28.4)	137 (24)	0.043
Exercise	293 (60.2)	308 (62.7)	294 (60.7)	294 (60.4)	0.855
eGFR	81.04 ± 15.49	82.51 ± 13.94	82.74 ± 13.23	83.68 ± 11.50*	0.024
PTH	46.36 ± 19.35	41.12 ± 14.40	37.70 ± 14.11	36.28 ± 13.80*†	<  0.001
Glucose, mg/dL	96.11 ± 16.34	99.40 ± 20.33	98.17 ± 19.57	95.76 ± 15.56†	0.004
Insulin, IU/L	7.63 ± 4.79	8.09 ± 5.69	7.60 ± 5.07	6.85 ± 7.55†	0.011
HOMA-IR	1.85 ± 1.35	2.07 ± 1.67	1.89 ± 1.47	1.68 ± 2.23†	0.005
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	190.70 ± 38.79	185.70 ± 32.22	187.60 ± 36.56	180.07 ±34.45*‡	<  0.001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	143.47 ± 72.92	127.91 ± 61.37	128.05 ± 57.94	115.83 ± 51.41*†‡	<  0.001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	49.85 ± 12.58	51.63 ± 12.61	52.29 ± 12.13	52.30 ± 12.12*	0.005
Number of MetS components	2.65 ± 1.29	2.52 ± 1.30	2.50 ± 1.32	2.26 ± 1.31*†‡	<  0.001

Data were shown as mean ± SD or number (%). 25(OH)D, vitamin D3, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance, HDL high density lipoprotein, MetS metabolic syndrome. * vs. Q1, † vs. Q2, ‡ vs. Q3