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. 2019 Apr 11;19:77. doi: 10.1186/s12874-019-0718-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Flow diagram presenting the inclusion of Cochrane systematic reviews in the study. We retrieved 955 Cochrane systematic reviews from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that were published from July 2015 to July 2016. We excluded 187 Cochrane reviews because they were either empty (without a single study included), diagnostic accuracy reviews, overviews of systematic reviews or they were withdrawn. We included 768 Cochrane reviews in our analysis; of those, 602 were included in our primary analysis because they had other bias domain in the Cochrane risk of bias tool, while 166 Cochrane reviews were included in our secondary analysis because they either did not have other bias domain in the Cochrane risk of bias tool, or they had this domain, but also other non-standard domains in the tool