Table 2.
Sample Characteristics by County Disadvantage Level, U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Youth, 1992–2012 (N = 9302)
| County Not Socioeconomically Disadvantaged | County Socioeconomically Disadvantaged | Test of proportions or t-test (p-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||
| Female (%) | 51.2 | 51.9 | <0.01 |
| Education (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 14.00 | 18.8 | <0.01 |
| High school | 36.3 | 40.4 | <0.01 |
| Some college | 24.7 | 25.0 | <0.01 |
| College or more | 24.9 | 15.7 | <0.01 |
| Race (%) | |||
| White/other | 52.8 | 41.5 | <0.01 |
| Black | 30.9 | 32.4 | <0.01 |
| Hispanic | 16.3 | 26.1 | <0.01 |
| Married (%) | 66.5 | 64.4 | <0.01 |
| Children in household (mean (SD)) | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.3) | 0.20 |
| Annual household income (USD, mean (SD)) | 59,956 (61,500) | 49,119 (53,005) | <0.01 |
| Weeks unemployed in last year (mean (SD)) | 2.3 (8.2) | 3.0 (9.7) | <0.01 |
| Health Behaviors | |||
| Tobacco-related outcomes | |||
| Smoker (%) | 30.0 | 30.2 | 0.16 |
| Cigarettes per day (mean (SD)) | 4.2 (8.6) | 4.1 (8.7) | <0.01 |
| Alcohol-related outcomes | |||
| Binge drinker (%) | 18.4 | 17.8 | <0.01 |
| Drinks per day (mean (SD)) | 1.8 (2.3) | 1.7 (2.5) | <0.01 |
Note: Values for sociodemographic characteristics are based on imputed data. Income was inflation-adjusted. For illustrative purposes to summarize sample characteristics, measures of county-level disadvantage (i.e., educational attainment, unemployment, and income) were each standardized with a mean of zero and standard deviation of one, these three values were summed to obtain a composite index, and this index was then split at the median