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Bars represent mean adjusted for differences in extracellular vesicle concentration; Error bars represent SE. Akt indicates protein kinase B; AU, absorbance units at 450 nm; ErK, extracellular signal-related kinase; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase 3β; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-associated protein kinase; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; p-, phosphorylated; t-, total.
