Bars represent mean adjusted for differences in extracellular vesicle concentration;
Error bars represent SE. Akt indicates protein kinase B; AU, absorbance units
at 450 nm; ErK, extracellular signal-related kinase; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase
3β; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK,
mitogen-associated protein kinase; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; p-,
phosphorylated; t-, total.