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. 2019 Apr 4;10:615. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00615

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cell damage occurs during asymptomatic colonization by Spn. Nasal lavage collected from wildtype C57BL/6 (WT) mice at day 7 post-inoculation with TIGR4 or PBS (Mock) analyzed for (A) nEC sloughing, quantified from HEMA stained Cytospin samples, (B) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), dashed line indicating limit of detection, (C) IL-33, and (D) IL-1α. Mean ± SEM. Mann-Whitney U-test used for comparisons (n = 10 – 14). P-values listed on graph; * indicates a value < 0.05. (E) Representative nasal section and zoomed inset from WT mouse either mock colonized or colonized with TIGR4, collected at day 7 post-inoculation and stained with Alcian/PAS. Lumen (L), septum (S), dorsal side (D), and ventral side (V) denoted. Arrows indicating luminal clusters of epithelial cells (black) and mucus (green). Inset source region denoted by black box outline. Images Tile Scan assembled at 10x magnification. (See also Table S2 for other cytokines tested but either unchanged or below limit of detection).