Study	Reason for exclusion
Balentine 1998	Ineligible intervention: only intravenous administration
Booley 2015	Ineligible intervention: no question posed about type of pre‐hospital treatment and link to health outcome
Crapo 1982	Ineligible intervention: only compares different oral treatments
Ganeshalingam 2009	Inelgible study design: a systematic review used to support a guideline, but limited to children and very limited search strategy; one study included which is covered by our included studies
Gentilcore 2009	Ineligible intervention: only compares intraduodenal infusion with oral administration
Graz 2008	Ineligible intervention: only compares sublingual with intravenous administration
Husband 2009	Ineligible intervention: only compares different oral treatments
Rippon 2016	Ineligible study design: conference abstract, not a study but consensus statement, neonatal participants