Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Women Living with HIV Participants by Mode of Study Participation
| Characteristic | Qualitative interview (n = 76), n (%) | Quantitative questionnaire (n = 460) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Anticipated stigma in HCS | Experienced stigma in HCS | ||||||
| Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | p | |||
| Study site location | 0.95 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Birmingham, AL | 13 (17) | 68 (15) | 1.85 | 0.93 | 1.33 | 0.75 | ||
| Jackson, MS | 13 (17) | 84 (18) | 1.81 | 0.85 | 1.24 | 0.61 | ||
| San Francisco, CA | 25 (33) | 160 (35) | 1.84 | 1.00 | 1.41 | 0.81 | ||
| Atlanta, GA | 25 (33) | 148 (32) | 1.87 | 1.06 | 1.34 | 0.85 | ||
| Race and ethnicitya | 0.06 | 0.18 | ||||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 45 (59) | 347 (77) | 1.87 | 0.97 | 1.33 | 0.74 | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 20 (26) | 63 (14) | 1.59 | 0.86 | 1.33 | 0.81 | ||
| Other non-Hispanic | 6 (8) | 17 (4) | 2.10 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1.00 | ||
| Hispanic | 5 (7) | 25 (5) | 1.75 | 0.85 | 1.21 | 0.53 | ||
| Highest level of educationa | 0.63 | 0.53 | ||||||
| <High school/GED | 11 (14) | 129 (29) | 1.83 | 0.93 | 1.31 | 0.73 | ||
| High school/GED | 19 (25) | 141 (31) | 1.84 | 0.97 | 1.31 | 0.73 | ||
| Some college/Associate | 34 (45) | 143 (32) | 1.88 | 0.98 | 1.38 | 0.77 | ||
| College and above | 12 (16) | 39 (9) | 1.69 | 0.97 | 1.32 | 0.87 | ||
| Average yearly household incomea | 0.01 | 0.17 | ||||||
| $12,000 or less | 43 (57) | 250 (57) | 1.86 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 0.76 | ||
| $12,001–24,000 | 22 (29) | 100 (23) | 1.95 | 0.93 | 1.40 | 0.87 | ||
| $24,001–36,000 | 5 (7) | 42 (10) | 1.87 | 0.94 | 1.37 | 0.66 | ||
| $36,001 or more | 6 (8) | 47 (11) | 1.50 | 0.85 | 1.14 | 0.46 | ||
| Recent illicit drug usea | 0.23 | 0.59 | ||||||
| Yes | —b | 145 (32) | 1.82 | 0.88 | 1.38 | 0.79 | ||
| No | —b | 304 (68) | 1.84 | 1.00 | 1.31 | 0.74 | ||
| ART statusa | 0.30 | 0.51 | ||||||
| On ART | 70 (92) | 420 (93) | 1.85 | 0.97 | 1.33 | 0.73 | ||
| ART naïve/Not using ART | 6 (8) | 32 (7) | 1.72 | 1.03 | 1.41 | 1.04 | ||
| ART adherence over past 6 monthsa | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| ≥95% Adherent | —b | 350 (83) | 1.80 | 0.95 | 1.29 | 0.69 | ||
| <95% Adherent | —b | 70 (17) | 2.14 | 1.03 | 1.52 | 0.87 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Correlation | p | Correlation | p | |||
| Agea | 48 (8) | 49 (9) | −0.02 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 0.99 | ||
| Time on ART, monthsa | —b | 104 (72) | −0.03 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.14 | ||
a
Data missing for some participants.
b
This information was not collected.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; GED, general educational development test; HCS, health care setting; SD, standard deviation.