Fig. 2.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell counts and cytokines were reduced in apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1)-deficient (ASK1^−/−) mice. Aerosolized LPS induced inflammatory cytokine secretion and cell recruitment in wild-type (WT) mice, but these effects were decreased in ASK1^−/− mice. BAL fluid was collected from mice at the indicated times following exposure to LPS, and macrophages (A) and neutrophils (B) were quantified via microscopy. C and D: IL-1β (C) and IL-6 (D) were measured in the BAL fluid using ELISAs (BD Biosciences). *Significant difference from WT (P < 0.05; n = 4–5 in A, 4–6 in B, 3–6 in C, and 4–6 in D).