Figure 7. Schematic model of signaling pathways affected by CD164 in GBM.

We propose that depletion of CD164 leads to suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma cells through activation of the CXCR4/Akt/Beclin-1 pathway, resulting in the induction of autophagy. (↑increase, ↓decrease, ⊥inhibition).