TABLE 3—

Conditional Negative Binomial Regression Results for Motor Vehicle Crash–Related Emergency Department Visits by Different Age Cohorts: 16 US States, 2007–2014

Variable	Aged 15–21 y, IRR (95% CI)	Aged 22–33 y, IRR (95% CI)	Aged 34–45 y, IRR (95% CI)	Aged 46–64 y, IRR (95% CI)	Aged ≥ 65 y, IRR (95% CI)
Texting law, primary
Bans all drivers	0.90 (0.86, 0.95)	0.89 (0.85, 0.92)	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.92 (0.88, 0.95)	0.90 (0.86, 0.95)
Bans novice drivers only	1.04 (0.99, 1.09)	0.96 (0.92, 1.00)	1.02 (0.98, 1.07)	1.00 (0.96, 1.04)	1.02 (0.96, 1.08)
Texting law, secondary
Bans all drivers	1.12 (1.02, 1.23)	1.14 (1.05, 1.23)	1.14 (1.05, 1.25)	1.14 (1.05, 1.23)	1.15 (1.05, 1.26)
Bans novice drivers only	0.58 (0.51, 0.67)	0.60 (0.52, 0.68)	0.60 (0.52, 0.69)	0.60 (0.53, 0.68)	0.60 (0.52, 0.69)
Graduated driver licensing law	0.55 (0.48, 0.62)	0.57 (0.49, 0.65)	0.57 (0.50, 0.66)	0.55 (0.48, 0.63)	0.61 (0.53, 0.70)
Administrative license suspension	0.03 (0.02, 0.04)	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	0.03 (0.02, 0.05)
Seatbelt law, primary enforcement	0.78 (0.72, 0.85)	0.84 (0.78, 0.91)	0.81 (0.75, 0.87)	0.86 (0.80, 0.92)	0.77 (0.70, 0.83)
Speed limit ≥ 70 mph	25.35 (16.17, 39.77)	34.03 (21.95, 52.76)	35.97 (22.89, 56.52)	34.12 (20.99, 55.45)	16.17 (10.01, 26.14)
Primary handheld ban, all drivers	1.08 (0.98, 1.19)	1.14 (1.05, 1.25)	1.07 (0.98, 1.17)	1.11 (1.02, 1.21)	1.16 (1.05, 1.27)
Gasoline prices (2014 $)	0.95 (0.93, 0.98)	0.98 (0.96, 1.00)	0.96 (0.94, 0.99)	0.97 (0.95, 0.99)	0.97 (0.94, 0.99)
State unemployment rate, %	0.96 (0.95, 0.97)	0.97 (0.96, 0.98)	0.97 (0.96, 0.98)	0.97 (0.96, 0.98)	0.95 (0.94, 0.96)
State per capita income (2014 $ per $10 000)	0.76 (0.65, 0.88)	0.89 (0.78, 1.03)	0.86 (0.74, 0.99)	0.90 (0.78, 1.03)	0.72 (0.62, 0.85)

Note. CI = confidence interval; IRR = incidence rate ratio.