Table 3:
Socio-demographic and health-related variables for maternal near-miss cases and controls at three tertiary hospitals in southern Ghana
| Variable name (Total N=742) | Cases (N=288) Mean (SD) | Controls (N=454) Mean (SD) | T -test statistic (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (N=445) | 29.7 (6.4) | 28.8 (6.3) | −1.47 (0.15) |
| Maternal education (years) (N=447) | 8.9 (4.0) | 8.9 (4.4) | −0.11 (0.91) |
| Husband’s education (years) (N=351) | 10.5 (3.9) | 10.5 (3.8) | 0.21 (0.83) |
| Assets (on 0–16 point scale)* (N=327) | 9.1 (3.4) | 9.2 (3.4) | 0.31 (0.75) |
| Mean number of prior births (N=732) | 1.7 (1.7) | 1.7 (1.7) | 0.11 (0.91) |
| Number of ANC visits (N=351) | 6.7 (2.4) | 6.9 (2.6) | 0.83 (0.40) |
| Infant birthweight (kg) (N=678) | 2.653 (0.803) | 3.080 (0.597 | 7.91 (<0.001) |
| Cases % (N) | Controls % (N) | Chi-Square statistic (P value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Married (N=742) | 38.5 (111) | 43.4 (197) | 1.71 (0.19) |
| Polygamous marriage (N=742) | 3.5 (10) | 1.8 (8) | 2.17 (0.14) |
| Has national health insurance (N=447) | 93.6 (147) | 96.2 (279) | 1.51 (0.22) |
| Delivered in a healthcare facility (N=444) | 99.4 (154) | 98.9 (286) | 0.17 (0.67) |
| Previous c-section (N=740) | 28.8 (83) | 13.7 (62) | 25.46, p<0.001 |
| Mode of delivery index pregnancy (N=742) | 3.4, p=0.18 | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 86.5 (249) | 89.7 (407) | |
| C-section | 8.7 (25) | 7.9 (36) | |
| Spontaneous labour (N=712) | 47.4 (129) | 89.09 (392) | 149.4, p<0.001 |
| Fever <7 days before labour (N=705) | 39.1 (104) | 13.4 (59) | 61.3, p<0.001 |
| Anaemia during pregnancy (N=702) | 35.9 (95) | 33.9 (148) | 0.04, p=0.85 |
| Multiple pregnancy (N=726) | 7.1 (20) | 3.8 (17) | 3.72, p=0.05 |
| Live infant at birth (N=715) | 91.1 (255) | 97.2 (423) | 13.2, p<0.001 |
| Referred from other healthcare facility (N=731) | 49.1 (139) | 35.9 (161) | 12.4, p<0.001 |
*
Assets include aggregate list of 16 different material goods owned or available within the household, including car/truck, motorcycle, bicycle, electricity, solar light, refrigerator, television, DVD/VCR, radio, sewing machine, stereo system, electric/box iron, fan, mobile phone, electric/gas cookstove, donkey cart/push truck, kerosene stove, personal computer