Table 2.
Maternal/fetal/neonatal outcomes by anaemia status
| Maternal outcomes | Maternal haemoglobin, g/dl |
P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe <7.0 g/dl |
Moderate 7.0–9.9 g/dl |
Mild 10.0–10.9 g/dl |
Normal ≥11.0 g/dl |
||
| Maternal outcomes* | |||||
| Deliveries, n | 621 | 45 334 | 35 001 | 11 291 | |
| Maternal death <42 days (rate/100 000 deliveries) | 2 (325) | 61 (135) | 37 (106) | 14 (124) | 0.64 |
| Antepartum haemorrhage, n (%) | 17 (2.7) | 397 (0.9) | 228 (0.7) | 114 (1.0) | 0.08 |
| Postpartum haemorrhage, n (%) | 30 (4.9) | 352 (0.8) | 217 (0.6) | 107 (1.0) | 0.02 |
| Fetal outcomes** | |||||
| Births, n | 627 | 45 778 | 35 300 | 11 402 | |
| Stillbirth, n (rate/1000) | 57 (90.9) | 1378 (30.1) | 910 (25.8) | 316 (27.7) | <0.0001 |
| Macerated, n (% of stillbirths) | 23 (45.1) | 409 (31.2) | 257 (29.6) | 105 (35.1) | 0.65 |
| Fresh, n (% of stillbirths) | 28 (54.9) | 904 (68.8) | 611 (70.4) | 194 (64.9) | |
| Neonatal outcomes** | |||||
| Preterm, n (%) | 169 (27.1) | 6132 (13.4) | 4028 (11.5) | 1318 (11.6) | <0.0001 |
| Very low birthweight (<1500 g), n (%) | 39 (6.3) | 1187 (2.6) | 729 (2.1) | 240 (2.1) | <0.0001 |
| Low birthweight (<2500 g), n (%) | 193 (31.2) | 9526 (20.9) | 6274 (17.8) | 2034 (17.9) | <0.0001 |
| Neonatal mortality <7 days, n (rate/1000) | 35 (61.9) | 1032 (23.3) | 620 (18.1) | 227 (20.5) | <0.0001 |
| Neonatal mortality <28 days, n (rate/1000) | 41 (72.6) | 1248 (28.1) | 785 (22.9) | 273 (24.7) | <0.0001 |
| Measured birthweight within 7 days, n (%) | 576 (91.9) | 45 008 (98.3) | 34 819 (98.6) | 11 198 (98.2) | |
| Birthweight, mean (SD) | 2606 (557) | 2686 (471) | 2724 (451) | 2756 (475) | <0.0001 |
*
P-values based on a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test for row mean differences based on standard mid-rank (modridit) scores stratified by MNH cluster.
**
P-values based on a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for row mean differences based on standard mid-rank (modridit) scores stratified by MNH cluster for categorical outcomes and a mixed model with haemoglobin category as a fixed effect, and cluster as a random effect for continuous outcomes.