Table 1.
Demographic and descriptive characteristics of the sample and pairwise comparisons with the no follow-up group
| Characteristic | Study sample | No follow-up group | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 5,316 | 5,341 | N/A |
| Sex | <0.0001* | ||
| Male | 1,730 (32.5%) | 2,153 (40.3%) | |
| Female | 3,586 (67.5%) | 3,188 (59.7%) | |
| Mean age (years) | 13.4 ± 3.7 | 12.9 ± 4.0 | <0.0001* |
| Race | <0.0001* | ||
| White | 4,366 (82.2%) | 4,146 (78.3%) | |
| Black | 607 (11.4%) | 846 (16.0%) | |
| Other | 336 (6.3%) | 304 (5.7%) | |
| Migraine with aura | 0.423 | ||
| Yes | 1,073 (20.2%) | 1,044 (19.5%) | |
| No | 4,243 (79.8%) | 4,297 (80.5%) | |
| Chronic migraine diagnosis at visit A | <0.0001* | ||
| Yes | 2,808 (52.8%) | 2,019 (37.8%) | |
| No | 2,508 (47.2%) | 3,322 (62.2%) | |
| Medication overuse diagnosis at visit A | <0.0001* | ||
| Yes | 804 (15.1%) | 574 (10.7%) | |
| No | 4,512 (84.9%) | 4,767 (89.3%) | |
| Status migrainosus diagnosis | <0.0001* | ||
| Yes | 559 (10.5%) | 402 (7.5%) | |
| No | 4,757 (89.5%) | 4,939 (92.5%) | |
| Mean headache frequency at visit A (headache days/month) | 15.2 ± 9.6 | 11.4 ± 9.6 | <0.0001* |
| Mean headache severity at visit A (on 0–10 numeric pain rating scale) | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 2.1 | 0.021* |
| Mean PedMIDAS score at visit A | 37.8 ± 42.1 | 30.7 ± 42.6 | <0.0001* |
| Mean MIDAS score at visit A | 47.7 ± 58.2 | 42.2 ± 53.8 | 0.303 |
| PedMIDAS/MIDAS grade at visit A | <0.0001* | ||
| Grade I | 1,419 (26.9%) | 2,104 (39.7%) | |
| Grade II | 1,599 (30.4%) | 1,500 (28.3%) | |
| Grade III | 895 (17.0%) | 697 (13.1%) | |
| Grade IV | 1,356 (25.7%) | 1,003 (18.9%) | |
| Mean number of months with headaches at initial consultation visit | 44.2 ± 36.2 (0–228) | 41.5 ± 35.3 (0–228) | 0.0002 |
| BMI category at visit A | 0.750 | ||
| Normal or underweight (<85th percentile) | 3,299 (63.0%) | 3,281 (62.8%) | |
| Overweight (>85th and <95th percentile) | 905 (17.3%) | 888 (17.0%) | |
| Obese (≥95th percentile) | 1,030 (19.7%) | 1,058 (20.2%) | |
| Recommended preventive treatment type at visit A | <0.0001* | ||
| None | 923 (17.4%) | 2,176 (40.7%) | |
| Nutraceutical alone | 99 (1.9%) | 366 (6.9%) | |
| Pharmaceutical alone | 3,490 (65.7%) | 2,283 (42.7%) | |
| Nutraceutical plus pharmaceutical | 804 (15.1%) | 516 (9.7%) | |
| Allodynia | 0.010* | ||
| Yes | 2,297 (48.7%) | 2,105 (45.6%) | |
| No | 2,225 (47.2%) | 2,316 (50.2%) | |
| Maybe | 193 (4.1%) | 194 (4.2%) | |
| Anxiety symptoms at consultation visit | 0.400 | ||
| Yes | 2,400 (45.8%) | 2,378 (44.9%) | |
| No | 2,844 (54.2%) | 2,914 (55.1%) | |
| Feeling depressed at consultation visit | 0.387 | ||
| Yes | 885 (16.9%) | 860 (16.3%) | |
| No | 4,351 (83.1%) | 4,428 (83.7%) | |
| Quantity of exercise reported at visit A | 0.119 | ||
| < 3 days/week | 3,631 (74.1%) | 3,692 (75.5%) | |
| ≥ 3 days/week | 1,267 (25.9%) | 1,197 (24.5%) | |
| Quantity of liquid intake reported at visit A | 0.001* | ||
| <48 ounces/day | 1,267 (25.9%) | 2,563 (49.5%) | |
| >48 ounces/day | 3,631 (74.1%) | 2,611 (50.5%) | |
| Quantity of sleep reported at visit A | 0.179 | ||
| < 8 hours/day | 1,604 (31.0%) | 1,553 (29.8%) | |
| ≥ 8 hours/day | 3,565 (69.0%) | 3,656 (70.2%) | |
| Reporting skipping meals at visit A | 0.087 | ||
| Yes | 2,026 (38.5%) | 2,121 (40.1%) | |
| No | 3,241 (61.5%) | 3,167 (59.1%) | |
| Caffeine consumption at visit A | 0.668 | ||
| Yes | 2,529 (48.0%) | 2,515 (47.6%) | |
| No | 2,738 (52.0%) | 2,769 (52.4%) | |
*
Means are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (range)
**
Frequencies are expressed as n (percentage)