Table 1.
Age-standardized characteristics according to MUFA intake at the mid-point of follow-up (2002)
| NHS | HPFS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable* | MUFA-P | |||||
| Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | |
| 12007 | 12008 | 12007 | 5497 | 5497 | 5497 | |
| Total MUFAs,% energy | 9.4±2.0 | 11.6±1.6 | 14.4±2.1 | 9.8±2.3 | 12.0±1.8 | 14.4±2.1 |
| MUFA-Ps,% energy | 3.7±0.6 | 5.9±0.3 | 9.2±1.7 | 4.0±0.7 | 6.2±0.3 | 9.2±1.5 |
| MUFA-As,% energy | 5.4±1.8 | 5.5±1.5 | 4.9±1.5 | 5.6±2.1 | 5.6±1.8 | 5.0±1.7 |
| Age, years | 68.9±7.1 | 67.4±7.1 | 67.0±6.9 | 68.4±9.0 | 66.9±8.9 | 67.7±8.7 |
| Caucasian, % | 97 | 98 | 98 | 94 | 96 | 97 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 5.7±11.5 | 5.6±10.1 | 7.2±11.2 | 13.3±17.5 | 12.5±15.6 | 12.4±16.0 |
| Current smoking, % | 8 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Physical activity, METs/week | 18.4±24.4 | 16.7±20.9 | 18.1±21.4 | 35.7±40.9 | 34.9±41.7 | 35.5±40.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7±5.4 | 26.6±5.3 | 26.1±5.1 | 23.4±8.8 | 24.2±7.9 | 23.9±7.9 |
| Hypertension at midpoint (2002) | 55 | 53 | 49 | 48 | 45 | 42 |
| Hypercholesterolemia at midpoint (2002) | 63 | 63 | 63 | 53 | 55 | 53 |
| Family history of myocardial infarction, % | 38 | 38 | 37 | 33 | 31 | 32 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 25 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 21 | 20 |
| Family history of cancer, % | 44 | 46 | 45 | 27 | 27 | 28 |
| Multivitamin use,% | 60 | 62 | 62 | 55 | 58 | 57 |
| Current use of Aspirin, % | 32 | 34 | 34 | 45 | 48 | 47 |
| Any use of postmenopausal hormone, % | 67 | 71 | 72 | |||
| Total energy, kcal | 1614±423 | 1757±441 | 1811±470 | 1843±506 | 2010±534 | 2095±572 |
| Total fats,% energy | 24.3±4.9 | 28.9±4.2 | 32.9±4.8 | 24.8±5.6 | 29.5±4.6 | 33.3±4.9 |
| PUFAs,% energy | 4.6±0.8 | 5.7±0.9 | 6.6±1.4 | 4.7±0.9 | 5.8±0.9 | 6.9±1.4 |
| n-3 PUFAs,% energy | 0.6±0.2 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.7±0.3 |
| n-6 PUFAs,% energy | 3.9±0.7 | 5.0±0.8 | 5.8±1.3 | 4.1±1.0 | 5.2±1.0 | 6.2±1.6 |
| SFAs,% energy | 9.1±2.5 | 10.1±2.1 | 10.3±2.3 | 9.0±2.7 | 10.0±2.3 | 10.3±2.3 |
| Trans fats,% energy | 1.2±0.3 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.7±0.6 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.8±0.7 |
| Proteins,% energy | 19.4±3.0 | 17.9±2.4 | 16.8±2.4 | 19.1±3.1 | 17.7±2.4 | 16.5±2.4 |
| Fruit and vegetables, serving/day | 5.9±2.4 | 5.5±2.2 | 5.6±2.3 | 6.3±2.9 | 5.9±2.5 | 5.8±2.6 |
| Coffee intake, servings/day | 2.0±1.4 | 2.2±1.4 | 2.2±1.5 | 1.8±1.6 | 1.9±1.5 | 1.9±1.6 |
| Modified AHEI† | 31.6±7.1 | 31.3±7.0 | 34.6±7.5 | 31.6±8.3 | 30.9±7.7 | 34.0±8.2 |
| MUFA-A | ||||||
| Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | |
| N | 12007 | 12007 | 12007 | 5497 | 5497 | 5497 |
| Total MUFAs,% energy | 9.9±2.5 | 11.6±1.9 | 13.7±1.9 | 9.8±2.5 | 12.0±1.8 | 14.3±1.8 |
| MUFA-Ps,% energy | 6.5±2.5 | 6.2±1.9 | 5.8±1.8 | 6.7±2.4 | 6.5±1.8 | 6.0±1.6 |
| MUFA-As,% energy | 3.2±0.7 | 5.3±0.2 | 7.6±1.0 | 3.0±0.8 | 5.4±0.3 | 8.2±1.1 |
| Age, years | 69.4±7.1 | 67.5±7.1 | 66.4±6.9 | 68.1±9.0 | 67.4±9.0 | 67.3±8.8 |
| Caucasian, % | 97 | 98 | 98 | 95 | 96 | 96 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 6.2±10.8 | 6.3±10.8 | 5.4±10.2 | 12.2±16.2 | 13.4±16.8 | 11.2±14.7 |
| Current smoking, % | 4 | 7 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| Physical activity, METs/week | 23.3±26.0 | 17.1±22.2 | 13.3±18.4 | 42.7±45.4 | 33.9±38.7 | 30.7±41.5 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0±4.5 | 26.6±5.0 | 27.8±5.9 | 22.9±7.2 | 24.4±7.6 | 24.2±9.3 |
| Hypertension at midpoint (2002) | 48 | 53 | 56 | 41 | 44 | 47 |
| Hypercholesterolemia at midpoint (2002) | 67 | 64 | 58 | 57 | 54 | 48 |
| Family history of myocardial infarction, % | 38 | 38 | 36 | 35 | 31 | 28 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 24 | 24 | 26 | 20 | 21 | 21 |
| Family history of cancer, % | 45 | 46 | 45 | 27 | 28 | 28 |
| Multivitamin use,% | 68 | 63 | 53 | 63 | 58 | 49 |
| Current use of Aspirin, % | 35 | 35 | 31 | 51 | 48 | 43 |
| Any use of postmenopausal hormone, % | 72 | 71 | 65 | |||
| Total energy, kcal | 1714±444 | 1754±445 | 1729±476 | 1923±526 | 1997±540 | 2057±590 |
| Total fats,% energy | 23.7±4.6 | 28.7±3.8 | 33.9±4.2 | 23.6±5.0 | 29.3±3.8 | 35.0±4.1 |
| PUFAs,% energy | 5.4±1.3 | 5.7±1.2 | 5.8±1.2 | 5.6±1.4 | 5.8±1.1 | 6.0±1.2 |
| n-3 PUFAs,% energy | 0.6±0.2 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 0.6±0.2 |
| n-6 PUFAs,% energy | 4.7±1.2 | 5.0±1.1 | 5.1±1.1 | 5.0±1.5 | 5.2±1.3 | 5.2±1.3 |
| SFAs,% energy | 7.3±1.4 | 9.8±1.2 | 12.6±1.8 | 7.0±1.5 | 9.9±1.3 | 12.8±1.8 |
| Trans fats,% energy | 1.2±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.8±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.9±0.5 |
| Proteins,% energy | 17.2±2.7 | 18.0±2.6 | 18.9±2.7 | 16.9±2.7 | 17.6±2.6 | 18.8±2.7 |
| Fruit and vegetables, serving/day | 6.7±2.6 | 5.6±2.1 | 4.7±2.0 | 7.3±3.0 | 5.8±2.4 | 4.9±2.1 |
| Coffee intake, serving/day | 1.9±1.4 | 2.2±1.4 | 2.3±1.5 | 1.6±1.4 | 1.9±1.5 | 2.2±1.7 |
| Modified AHEI† | 36.7±7.0 | 31.9±6.5 | 28.7±6.7 | 38.3±7.4 | 31.0±7.0 | 26.8±6.7 |
Abbreviations: NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; HPFS, Health Professional’s Follow-up Study; MUFA, monounsaturated fat; MUFA-P, MUFAs from plant sources; MUFA-A, MUFAs from animal sources; MET, metabolic equivalent task; BMI, body mass index; AHEI, alternative health eating index; SFA, saturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.
*
Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
†
Modified by excluding fat components.