The perception that asthma medication may enhance sports performance has created a negative stigma towards athletes with asthma, inhaler therapy and therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs).

The capability, opportunity, motivation—behaviour (COM-B) model is a theoretical starting point to understanding behaviour in this setting and provides foundations for intervention development (e.g. education programmes and environmental restructuring).

Future developments in policy and practice have the potential to change behaviour, establish trust in the anti-doping system, and in turn, alter the attitudes and perceptions of asthma medication use in sport.