Fig. 7.

Overloading effect in AF4. For the same mean layer thickness (ℓ = 3 μm) and retention time (t_R = 4 min), γ-globulin exhibits significantly higher increase in retention time and in plate height followed by β-lactoglobulin. Peaks are scaled for visual comparison. Experimental conditions: RC 10 kDa membrane, elution starts at t = 4 min, ${\dot{V}}_c$ and ${\dot{V}}_{\text{out}}$ vary for each protein (see Table 2)