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. 2019 Apr 11;9:5958. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42400-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Downregulation of SlEXA1 expression inhibits PepMV RNA accumulation in tomato. (a) Morphological phenotypes of control and SlEXA1-silenced plants. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TRV (control) and TRV-SlEXA1 (SlEXA1-silenced) by agroinfiltration. Photographs were taken from the top (upper) and side (bottom) of plants at 4 weeks post-inoculation. Un-inoculated healthy plants served as visual controls. (b) Quantification of the accumulation of PepMV RNA and SlEXA1 mRNA in control and SlEXA1-silenced plants using qRT-PCR. Six control plants and six SlEXA1-silenced plants were mechanically inoculated with PepMV. Total RNA extracted from PepMV-inoculated leaves at 5 dpi served as templates for qRT-PCR analysis of PepMV RNA and SlEXA1 mRNA. Error bars represent the standard error (SE) of six samples. The mean level of viral RNA or SlEXA1 mRNA in control plants was used as the standard (1.0), and scores for other conditions are shown above the bars. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (Student’s t-test). (c) Confirmation of TRV and TRV-SlEXA1 infection by RT-PCR. These RNA samples were the same as in (b). P₁, pTRV2; P₂, pTRV2-SlEXA1.