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. 2019 Apr 11;9:5905. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42508-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Secular trend of mortality according to dialysis modality and the respective hazard of PD over HD. The black line indicates mortality trends of HD, while the red line indicates that of PD according to the year of dialysis initiation. The gray line indicates the respective hazard ratio of PD over HD. Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, entering age, sex, insurance type, income status, and CCI value as covariates. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.