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. 2019 Apr 5;10:303. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00303

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Copyright © 2019 Bächinger, Brühlmann, Honegger, Michalopoulou, Monge Naldi, Wettstein, Muff, Schuknecht and Eckhard.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Study flowchart. MD was definitively diagnosed per the guidelines from the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery for the Definition of Meniere's Disease from 1995 (9). VA bending angles and clinical chart reviews were assessed in a blinded manner (see text for details). ^*according to Merchant and Nadol (10). (Gd-MRI, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; ES, endolymphatic sac; MD, Meniere's disease; VA, vestibular aqueduct).