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. 2019 Apr 5;10:213. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00213

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Copyright © 2019 Vonmoos, Eisenegger, Bosch, Preller, Hulka, Baumgartner, Seifritz and Quednow

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development of emotional empathy in cocaine increasers, decreasers, and stimulant-naive controls within 1 year. Mean emotional empathy sum scores and standard errors. At baseline, controls vs combined cocaine user (CCU) (= Ø of increaser and decreaser). Independent Student’s t-tests are shown if p < .10. ⁽*⁾p < .10; *p < .05.