Table 4.

Effect of dominant female treatments on relative babysitting contributions. Data are from a GLMM where the response variable is the proportion of babysitting exhibited by the subordinate meerkat relative to the total babysitting contributions the litter received. The model contained random intercept terms for individual (σ² = 0.12), litter nested within group (σ² = < 0.0001) and year (σ² = 0.000). If fixed effects by themselves were involved in significant higher-order interactions with other variables, only parameter estimates are shown. Data used in these analyses were 182 observations of relative babysitting contributions to 28 litters produced in 9 groups across three years recorded from 105 subordinate meerkats.

fixed effect	b	s.e.	z	p-value
intercept
females	−2.1	0.22	−9.37	<0.0001
males	−2.14	0.19	−11.01	<0.0001
babysitting length	0.24	0.08	2.77	0.0056
observation time	−0.28	0.08	−3.4	0.0007
litter size	0.015	0.05	0.32	0.75
mixed litter?	−0.04	0.12	−0.31	0.76
sex (M)	−0.03	0.27	−0.13	0.9
age
females	0.13	0.17
males	0.40	0.19
foraging success	−0.05	0.05	−0.99	0.32
mass
females	−0.32	0.12
males	−0.098	0.14
group size
females	−0.35	0.09	−3.97	<0.0001
males	−0.27	0.08	−3.28	0.001
treatment (control)
females	−0.67	0.31
males	−0.12	0.28
treatment (none)
females	−0.06	0.23
males	−0.16	0.18
foraging success × mass	0.036	0.06	0.57	0.57
age × mass
females	−0.47	0.09	−5.08	<0.0001
males	−0.29	0.08	−3.79	0.0001
age × sex (M)	0.28	0.23	1.18	0.24
mass × sex (M)	0.22	0.17	1.26	0.21
group size × sex (M)	0.07	0.10	0.77	0.44
treatment (control) × sex (M)	0.55	0.42	1.31	0.19
treatment (none) × sex (M)	−0.10	0.28	−0.36	0.72
age × treatment (control)
females	−0.62	0.21	−2.89	0.0039
males	−0.52	0.27	−1.92	0.055
age × treatment (none)
females	0.34	0.18	1.88	0.059
males	−0.006	0.16	−0.03	0.97
age × mass × sex	0.18	0.12	1.50	0.13
age × treatment (control) × sex (M)	0.09	0.34	0.28	0.78
age × treatment (none) × sex (M)	−0.34	0.24	−1.45	0.14