Table 1.

Phase shifts (mean ± standard deviation in radians) estimated in the phase, time, and image domains

Participant	ASA	POF	PCA	MPS	Max TCC	Image
1	0.65 ± 0.03	0.83 ± 0.04	0.65 ± 0.02	0.70 ± 0.02	0.68 ± 0.06	0.6
2	1.03 ± 0.10	1.03 ± 0.08	0.99 ± 0.05	1.02 ± 0.04	0.98 ± 0.07	1.0
3	0.52 ± 0.06	0.84 ± 0.12	0.59 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.05	0.5
4	1.31 ± 0.22	1.47 ± 0.17	1.34 ± 0.19	1.37 ± 0.17	1.27 ± 0.19	-∗
5	0.49 ± 0.09	0.73 ± 0.14	0.59 ± 0.10	0.62 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.07	0.3
6	0.91 ± 0.20	1.05 ± 0.10	0.87 ± 0.11	0.97 ± 0.06	0.67 ± 0.17	0.8
7	1.05 ± 0.17	1.13 ± 0.06	1.08 ± 0.11	1.08 ± 0.07	0.97 ± 0.18	0.4
8	1.50 ± 0.32	1.54 ± 0.06	1.63 ± 0.10	1.56 ± 0.06	1.29 ± 0.42	1.6
9	0.84 ± 0.25	1.12 ± 0.15	0.97 ± 0.19	0.96 ± 0.20	0.86 ± 0.21	0.7
10	1.05 ± 0.15	1.11 ± 0.26	0.89 ± 0.19	1.01 ± 0.14	0.72 ± 0.13	1.0
Mean†	0.93 ± 0.33	1.08 ± 0.26	0.96 ± 0.33	0.99 ± 0.30	0.85 ± 0.27	0.77

Abbreviations: ASA = analytical signal analysis; PCA = principal component analysis; POF = phase-space oval fitting; MPS = mean phase shift; TCC = time-domain cross-correlation.

Results are shown for the 12.5-second window length.

^∗Severe breathing irregularities make the peak of the bellows waveform difficult to discern.

^†Averaged over all participants' mean phase shifts.