Table 1.
Summary of magnetic field influence on mammalian cell lines.
| Cell line | MF applied | Frequency | Magnetic flux density | Exposure time | Exposure effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHO-K1 | ELF-MF | 50 Hz | 5 mT | 24 h | No effect on neuron derived orphan receptor (NOR-1) gene mRNA expression | [53] |
| 400 mT | 24 h | Increased (NOR-1) mRNA levels up to 6 h of exposure, decreased afterwards to control level at 24 h | ||||
| CHO-K1 | ELF-EMF | 50 Hz | 0.4 mT, 1.4 mT, 2.13 mT, 2.49 mT and 2.53 mT | 40 min | Increased cellular proliferation rate | [16] |
| CHO-K1 | Repetitive EMF | 50 Hz | 2.49 mT | 40 min per 12 h for 4 days | Increased cellular proliferation rate | [16] |
| CHO | ELF-MF | 60 Hz | 0.7 mT | 12 h | No effect on mutation frequency and radiation-induced cytotoxicity | [54] |
| CHO-K1 | ELF-MF | 60 Hz | 5 mT | 24 h | No effect on bi-nucleated cell frequency carrying micronuclei | [56] |
| CHO-K1 | ELF-MF | 60 Hz | 5 mT | 6 weeks | No effect on mutation frequency | [55] |
| CHO-K1 | SMF | – | 1 T | 18 h | No effect on micronucleus frequency | [57] |
| HEK293 | Pulse MF | 7 Hz | 6 – 25 mT | 90 sweeps | Reversible changes on Calcium ion current profile | [64] |
| HEK293 | ELF-EMF | 50 Hz | 0.2 mT | 1 h | Inhibition of native T-type calcium channels through AA (arachidonic acid)/LTE4 (leukotriene E4) signalling pathway | [65] |
| HEK293 | SMF | – | 0.5 T | 72 h | No effect on electrical properties, growth, and morphology | [66] |
| HT1080 | EMF | No info | 1 mT | 48 h | Increased apoptosis rate | [73] |
| HT1080 | Static low level MF | – | 0.2 – 2 μT | 6 h, 12 h, 24 h | Decreased ROS (reactive oxygen species) activity | [20] |
| TE671 | SMF | – | 0.003 T | 72 h | No effect on cell viability | [87] |
| SK-Hep-1 | Sinusoidal MF | 50 Hz | 20 mT | 1, 2, 3, 4 days | Decreased proliferation; enhanced extracellular Na−+, K−+ ion concentrations; increased osmolarity | [19] |
| HepG2 | ELF-MF | 50 Hz | 10 μT | 4, 5, 7 days | Increased cell proliferation | [99] |
| HepG2 | SMF | – | 0.5 T | 72 h | No effect on cell proliferation, did not influence the calcium level significantly, no increase of apoptosis | [100] |
| Vero | Continuous and discontinuous EMF | 100 Hz | 5.6 mT | 45 min | Increased DNA damage, the tail length and quantity of DNA in tail for both cEMF and dcEMF (effect evaluated 48 h after exposure) | [18] |
| Vero | SMF | – | 0.5 mT | 6 days | Reduced proliferation and apoptosis, increased necrosis | [104] |