Table 2.

Intervention design: use of theory and behavior change techniques.

Trial	Theoretical approach adopted for intervention	In what way were theories used to develop the intervention	Behavior change techniques used
TEXT MEa [9,19,32]	Control theory, information-motivation-behavioral skills model, operant conditioning, social-cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior, and theory of reasoned action	Select intervention techniques	Provide information about behavior-health link, provide information on consequences, prompt barrier identification, provide general encouragement, set graded tasks, provide instruction, prompt self-monitoring of behavior, teach to use prompts or cues, relapse prevention, and time management
Text4Heartb [21,29]	Social-cognitive theory and common sense model	Select and develop intervention techniques	Provide information about behavior-health link, provide information on consequences, prompt intention formation, prompt barrier identification, provide general encouragement, set graded tasks, provide instruction, model or demonstrate the behavior, prompt specific goal setting, prompt review of behavioral goals, prompt self-monitoring of behavior, provide feedback on performance, provide opportunities for social comparison, plan social support or social change, stress management, time management, and interpretation and normalizing of physical or emotional symptoms when changing behavior
Islam [22,33]	Behavioral learning theory and transtheoretical model of behavioral change	Select and develop intervention techniques	Reinforce and encourage healthy behavior and lifestyle modification, stimuli for medication adherence—using behavior learning techniques—and inform, motivate, and provide psychological support—using transtheoretical model of behavior change techniques
Heartc [24-26,30]	Self-efficacy theory framework	Select and develop intervention techniques	Prompt barrier identification; provide general encouragement; model or demonstrate the behavior; prompt specific goal setting; time management; coping efficacy, self-regulation, social support; scheduling efficacy; interpreting physiology, including somatic and emotional states; and exercise prescription
StARd [8,18]	Integrated theory of behavior change	Select intervention techniques and tailor intervention techniques to recipients	Provide information about behavior-health link, provide information on consequences, provide information about others’ approval, provide general encouragement, and prompt specific goal setting

^aTEXT ME: Tobacco, Exercise and Diet Messages.

^bText4Heart: Text message and Internet-based comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation intervention.

^cHeart: Heart Exercise And Remote Technologies.

^dStAR: Mobile Phone Text Messages to Support Treatment Adherence in Adults With High Blood Pressure.