Table 4.

Functional significance of GPR12

Physiological/pathological indications	Significant findings	Source
Neurite outgrowth/neuronal survival	SPC interacts with GPR12 and promotes the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells and the maturation of post-mitotic neurons	Ignatov et al. [19]
	GPR12 overexpression promotes neurite outgrowth	Tanaka et al. [35]
	GPR12 initiates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells	Lu et al [24]
Obesity and metabolic disorders	GPR12 knockout mice display increased dyslipidemia and obesity	Bjursell et al. [53]
Oocyte maturation	GPR12 overexpression in oocytes leads to meiotic arrest, whereas GPR12 downregulation allows meiotic resumption	Hinckley et al. [13]
Cell survival and proliferation	GPR12 enhances cell proliferation and survival in HEK293 cells	Lu et al. [54]
Cancer	GPR12 promotes keratin 8 phosphorylation and reorganization, reducing cancer cell viscoelasticity	Park et al. [56]

GPR12 G protein-coupled receptor 12, SPC sphingosylphosphorylcholine, PC12 rat adrenal phaeochromocytoma cell line, HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line