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Autophagy initiation depends on ULK1 priming and PI(3)P production. Upon autophagy initiation signals, the ULK1 complex (containing ULK1 or ULK2) activates the PI3K complex, which directs PI(3)P production to a membrane site. The PI(3)P-rich membrane recruits downstream autophagy effectors, like WIPI proteins and ATG16L, which mediates the membrane conjugation of LC3. LC3 then stimulates membrane expansion and cargo recruitment into the forming phagophore.
