FIGURE 2.

Propofol and lipid emulsion inhibit PMA-induced ROS production. ROS production in untreated (control) and PMA-treated cells with and without propofol or lipid emulsion was assessed using the fluorescent ROS probe DCFDA over time (A; n = 3) and at 15 min-post PMA addition (B; n = 3). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.0049) with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (p = 0.003 PMA vs. CTL; p = 0.0474 PMA vs. PMA + propofol; p = 0.0066 PMA vs. PMA + lipid emulsion). Propofol concentration was 5 μg/mL for all experiments, with lipid emulsion concentration adjusted to match the soybean oil concentration in propofol.