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. 2019 Apr 5;10:598. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00598

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Copyright © 2019 Hayes, Rane, Scales, Meehan, Benson, Maroof, Schroeder, Tomura, Gozzard, Yates, Garside and Brewer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cell migration from the site of challenge to the draining lymph node persists for 48 h post injection. (A,B) Footpads of mice were exposed to violet light 12 h after injection and were culled 24, 36, 48 or 72 h post injection. This strategy allowed us to quantify how long migratory cells took to travel to the dLN and how long they persisted there. (C) The percentage and (D) the total number of live migratory cells in the draining lymph node are shown. (E,F) Alternatively, to define how long migratory cells continue to leave the injection site, footpads were exposed to violet light at 12, 24, 36 of 60 h after injection and were culled 12 h after the photo-conversion time. (G) The percentage and (H) the total number of live migratory cells in the draining lymph node are shown. n = 4 ± 1 SD (^****p < 0.0001, ^***p < 0.001, ^** p < 0.01 and ^*p < 0.05; data are representative of two independent experiments).